BONN Agreement – More Than 50 Years of Spill Response Cooperation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract In 2019, the BONN Agreement celebrated 50 years of continuous cooperation in dealing with marine pollution Europe. This makes Bonn oldest regional agreement world established by governments for jointly and responding to incidents. The first “Agreement Cooperation Dealing Pollution North Sea Oil” was signed 1969 eight states bordering Sea: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden United Kingdom. shortly after oil tanker “Torrey Canyon” broke up off Cornwall 1967 spilling 117 000 tonnes major disaster affecting Western 1983 expanded include “other harmful substances” as well European Union became a Contracting Party. 1989 amended aerial surveillance. 2010, Ireland included at 50'th anniversary, new enlargement geographical scope approved including Bay Biscay through Spain's accession task related monitoring air from ships incorporated. area now covers Greater its approaches, comprising most heavy density traffic fields During these years, has resulted number achievements on different topics. Some are: - surveillance detection pollution,- harmonized reporting format,- common quantification spills Oil Appearance Code,- systems reimbursement costs when rendering assistance provides mutual between Parties,- joint exercises,- information sharing experiences research & development findings,- region-wide risk assessment BE-AWARE project. October agreement's 50th anniversary ministerial meeting held. paper will give an overview history, future Agreement.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0890-1740']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.686200